Feeding our dog and cat is one of the most important parts of their lives to maintain their health throughout their life and their proper development during childhood. Often we choose, either to please our little friends or for their daily diet, to cook cooked food or part of our own food. The following is a list of foods that should not be consumed by pets and their effects.
– Bones: They can injure, in many cases very seriously, any part of the digestive tract. From the oral cavity (broken teeth, gum injuries, tongue, palate etc.), the esophagus, stomach and intestine, with the risk of peritonitis if the last three are punctured. There is also the risk that the digestive tract is clogged, as the bones do not fall. All of the above cases usually result in very serious surgeries.
-Onion: Contains hemolytic substances, thiosulfates, which cause anemia.
-Grape: It can cause diarrhea and sometimes kidney failure. It can be deadly in large quantities.
-Chocolate, tea, coffee: Contains a substance, theobromine, which in addition to ulcers or nervousness, can cause heart or respiratory problems.
-Small Potato: Causes heart problems due to a substance that contains solanine. It is not digested by domestic mammals.
– Cow’s milk: A very large percentage of pets have lactose intolerance, so eating milk causes diarrhea.
– Nuts: Many are toxic to animals (eg hazelnuts), others can cause pancreatitis (eg Aegina) and others are at risk of getting stuck in a digestive tract (walnuts). They all have a lot of calories and fat or even salt, so it is best not to consume them.
-Avocado: Contains a toxin called persin that causes digestive disorders, respiratory and heart problems.
-Egg Egg, Meat, Fish: Raw egg in large amounts binds a vitamin, biotin, which can lead to skin and hair problems. Poorly cooked foods can transmit pests or microorganisms to domestic mammals. Raw fish in large quantities can lead to a deficiency of thiamine, a vitamin necessary for metabolism and energy production.
-Extreme yeast, yeast: May cause swelling in the stomach or produce gas, causing pain or in severe cases blockage.
– Liver: In the long term, it affects the muscles and skeletal system due to vitamin A hypervitaminosis.
– Sugar: Risk of obesity and possible development of diabetes mellitus.
-Alcohol: Although they usually do not come close to it, the possible consumption leads to coma and death.
– Also pay close attention to fruit pellets that in addition to blockage can cause toxicity as they contain cyanogenic glycosides.
These are the main foods you should avoid giving your dog and cat. The amount of food you provide daily is also very important. 25 grams of yellow cheese equals 2 meals for an adult man for a 10 kg dog or 3 meals for a cat. The quantity that is seemingly small to us can meet the daily needs of our four-legged friends! [/ Vc_column_text] [/ vc_tta_section]
One of the most serious and controversial dog diseases is leishmaniasis, better known as Kala-azar. This term was introduced by human disease in India. This disease is due to a protozoan, Leishmania spp, and has a chronic evolution. This protozoan enters the dog’s body through a mosquito and can affect all organs
(skin, liver, spleen, kidneys, etc.) while multiplying within cells. The only way for dog-to-dog transmission is through blood transfusion from a diseased donor. Note that the incubation of the disease, that is, the time that can elapse from infection until the dog shows symptoms, ranges from a few months to more than 3 years. On the contrary, infection can usually be detected from the first month of infection.
There are two types of leishmaniasis: visceral and dermal. The viscera affect the organs of the abdominal cavity. The main symptoms are:
– Serious weight loss
– Loss of appetite
-Diarrhea
-Puke
-Nose bleeding and
– Difficulty in exercising
The skin affects the skin and appears with hyperkeratosis, excessive skin exfoliation with loss of skin color and cracking of the nose and thighs, alopecia and dry, brittle hair, nodules growing on the surface of the skin and ulcers, ulcers. Very often we see both types of animals that are ill at the same time.
To diagnose the disease special blood test and FNA are performed by the lymph nodes. At the same time it is advisable to perform general and biochemical blood tests to see the general condition of the animal. Early diagnosis increases the chance of successful treatment and prevents kidney damage that is very common in this disease.
Dogs are susceptible to attack at all ages as no protective measures are applied. By preventive blood testing at least once or twice a year and by using special products (collars, ampoules, spray) that repel AND mosquitoes you reduce the chance of your dog becoming infected. There is also a vaccine with a limited degree of protection available on the market. Tell your vet about the protection your pet needs depending on his or her living conditions.
And if the animal is eventually infected does heal? Depending on his age, degree of internal organs infection and whether or not the disease is advanced. There are many regimens with drug combinations. Pills that stop pest propagation, syrup and injections that kill it, syrup that raises the body’s immunity to the parasite. The veterinarian also prescribes the appropriate form.
In Greece, all dogs are likely carriers of the parasite. Either they stay inside, they stay on the 7th floor of a block of flats, they have long hair, or they look strong and strong. Don’t worry. Good autumn and good results in your dog’s screening tests.
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Since 1987, the last case of rabies in a dog has been found, Greece has been free of the disease. In October 2012, unfortunately, she reappeared with a case of a fox in Kozani. As of 5/7/2013 the confirmed cases have reached 25, while the southernmost point of Greece with the outbreak is in the prefecture of Trikala.
Rabies is a deadly animal disease caused by a virus. It affects all warm-blooded mammals and humans. It is transmitted through the saliva, either by biting a torn animal, or when the saliva is in contact with any mucosa (mouth, nose, eyes, etc.) or with spots on the skin that have scars or wounds. Note that the infected animal may excrete the virus before it even develops symptoms.
It takes 20-40 days in humans and 10-60 days in animals to develop the disease. Incubation is rarely seen in less than 9 days and incubation has been reported after 7 whole years!
Carnivorous disease is characterized by change in animal behavior (isolation, nervousness, fear, anxiety). There is irritation and itching at the point where the animal was bitten. Over the next 2-3 days, the animal becomes extremely aggressive and literally bites whatever is in front of it (objects, animals, humans). There is also intense salivation, and the barking, which changes into a rocky howler, is also changing. This is followed by a phase of generalized convulsions and paralysis, which leads to death. The progression of the disease takes about 10 days.
In productive animals (cows etc), the symptoms are similar. There are predominantly paralytic symptoms (removal from the herd, dilation of the pupil, correction of hair, uncoordinated hind limb movements, paralysis).
In humans it begins with anxiety, headache, slight increase in body temperature, discomfort and pain or irritation at the point of injury. It continues with photosensitivity, pupil dilation and salivation. In the end, convulsions occur in various muscles of the body, resulting in death, usually due to paralysis of the respiratory muscles. The death toll from the disease exceeds 45,000 worldwide annually, and it is estimated that about 4,000,000 people each year undergo preventive anti-rabies treatment in more than 80 countries around the world!
Since there is no cure since the onset of the disease, the best protection is prevention. The anti-rabies vaccination of all animals by the veterinarian, who is the only one who can perform and confirm it, is the only effective preventive measure. Other measures that help create a biological barrier are:
– the marking and registration of dominant and stray dogs and cats.
– not increasing the number of stray animals by non-abandonment .
– the immediate declaration of suspected animals to the veterinary service concerned.
– preventive anti-rabies vaccination of people belonging to a high-risk group (hunters, shepherds, veterinarians, foresters, etc.).
In each case of bite, the wound should be thoroughly cleaned with plenty of water and soap, then a strong disinfectant (eg iodine or alcohol solution) is added. Then seek medical help as soon as possible to get you anti-rabies serum and vaccine. Contact the veterinary service so that the susceptible animal can be isolated and monitored for 15 days to detect any disease.
Rabies is a very serious disease, but given that its transmission is very specific (biting or exposure to the saliva of an infected animal), it is clear that there is no cause for concern or panic if all necessary precautionary measures are taken. [/ Vc_column_text] [ / vc_tta_section]
Antibodies provided by breast milk protect your puppy for the first 8-12 weeks of life. Unfortunately it is not always enough to cover your pet completely, and usually, after this time, they begin to ‘disappear’ from the body. This immunity gap can be filled by vaccination.
The first vaccination of the pup, which takes place at the age of 45-60 days, is followed by two repeats: the first 3 to 4 weeks later, and the second, at 14 to 16 weeks. Then your animal is covered for the next 12 months, and its vaccine schedule is then adjusted according to its lifestyle and the epidemiology of the diseases in each area.
Even if you adopted your four-year-old friend at an early age, it’s never too late to vaccinate. In animals we do not know if they have been vaccinated and when, a vaccination is followed, followed by a repeat dose 3-4 weeks later. Then the vaccine program is formulated as we have said.
An animal must be examined by a veterinarian before being vaccinated. The test is extremely important as it is forbidden to vaccinate if the animal is not completely healthy. If, in the veterinarian’s opinion, the animal has a suspected illness, the vaccination is postponed, as we always seek the highest level of immunity. Vaccines are specific, done in a specified order and at a specified time. The vaccine program is the responsibility of the veterinarian and depends on the outcome of the vaccination.
The vaccines commonly used in the dog are:
– Vaccine against Parveteritis (“typhoid” of the dog): Probably the most serious and common infectious disease of the dog. It primarily affects puppies and is transmitted by faeces. Parvovirus is durable and can stay in the environment for up to 2 years! Extremely deadly disease with little healing success once it is manifested. Vaccination is the only important protection against this disease and is considered mandatory.
– Vaccine against Carrè Disease (“dog’s” disease): It is transmitted by air and mainly affects puppies 3-6 months old. It manifests with a variety of symptoms: nasal secretion, conjunctivitis, cough, diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia. Vaccinated animals that survive the disease often have problems such as eye damage, seizures, and even paralysis. Neurological symptoms can be delayed even for a few months. When they appear, the situation is irreversible. Vaccination is considered mandatory.
– Vaccine against dog hepatitis: The acute form of the disease is capable of causing the death of the animal within 24-36 hours. Surviving dogs often become carriers of the disease, capable of infecting other dogs in turn. Vaccination is considered mandatory.
– Lyssa Vaccine: is a deadly zoonotic disease caused by a virus that has no cure. Due to its reappearance in our country since October 2012, vaccination against the disease is now more than imperative.
– Leptospirosis Vaccine: This is a zoonotic animal. Usually the dog is infected by dirty water or the urine of other infected animals (usually mice). The kidneys and liver are the organs most affected by this disease. The vaccine should be repeated at least once a year, and dogs exposed to an increased risk environment should be vaccinated every 6 months.
– Vaccine against Infectious Tracheobronchitis: This is a disease involving several viruses (CAV-2, Parainfluenza virus etc.) and often involved bacteria (Bordetella bronchiseptica). Extremely contagious from dog to dog aerially. There are several types of vaccines (intranasal, injectable) that protect against one or more agents of this disease. It is an optional vaccine.
– Dermatophytosis Vaccine: It is a common fungal dog and cat skin disease. It requires special attention because it is transmitted to humans. The vaccine has a preventive and curative effect and is optional. Vaccination should be done at least 2 times between 10-21 days between doses.
– Vaccination against leishmaniasis (Kalazar): Used to vaccinate dogs, from the age of 6 months, to reduce the risk of developing active infection and clinical disease after contact with Leishmania infantum. Leishmania infantum is a starving parasite that is transmitted from dog to dog with mosquito bite. It is a disease with a plethora of symptoms that results in the death of the animal. It is important to ensure, prior to vaccination, that the dog is not a carrier of the pest by blood tests. Vaccination is optional.
– Dog’s Coronavirus Vaccine: It is a virus that causes enteritis in the dog. The efficacy of the vaccine has not been demonstrated and is therefore not recommended.
After any vaccination, at any age, however, there is little chance of mild symptoms such as anorexia, lethargy, drowsiness lasting up to one to two days, with no risk to the animal, and very rarely allergic reactions are observed. . Remember that vaccination not only ensures the good health of your animal, but also your own, from diseases that can be transmitted to you, while at the same time becoming part of the barrier that impedes the transmission of various important and deadly diseases from animal to animal! [/ vc_column_text] [/ vc_tta_section]
We sometimes observe some of our puppies’ stains. These are due to increased moisture due to tearing, which substantially changes the color of the hair in the area. But is this normal? Or should it worry us?
The following eye diseases are the most important ones that usually occur in our pets, with little or no serious vision.
1. Conjunctivitis: The pathological condition where one or both of the dog’s eyes may appear red or swollen. Conjunctivitis is a common condition associated with conjunctivitis. The most common symptoms of conjunctivitis are stinging, itching, irritation (pain), pain, as well as production of various types of secretions (gingerbread yellow, white etc) depending on the form of conjunctivitis. You should consult your veterinarian for diagnosis and treatment.
2. Dry eye: It is the pathological condition of reduced tear production or tear production that is not properly synthesized, so the eye is not properly hydrated. This can cause corneal inflammation and discomfort resulting in the production of a pathological secretion. Treatment for this condition can be life-long and your veterinarian can diagnose you.
3. Cherry Eye – Third Eyelid Gland View: It is a disorder in which the third eyelid gland departs from its normal position and projects to the tip of the eye. As it slips on the cornea it causes discomfort and tears. Treating the condition can only be surgical.
4. Tears: Pathological overactivity of the tear glands results in excessive tear production and poor tear drainage causes stinging tears in some animals. These accumulate on the lower eyelid and often create “stains” on the hair under the eyes. The treatment should be discussed with your veterinarian.
5. Glaucoma: The pathological condition where the eye increases in size due to the increased pressure on the eyeball and the cornea becomes cloudy. The pain is as intense as the tear. The precise cause of the increase in pressure must be found in the treatment.
6. Ectropion: Ectropion is the pathological condition where the lower eyelid projects outward and results in the mucous membrane of the eye. Precisely because it is exposed to environmental conditions it is irritated, inflammatory and tearful. The treatment is surgical.
7. Entropy: Entropy is the pathological condition of the eyelid twisting inward and is due to anatomical causes or some extrinsic irritation. The treatment is proportionate to the cause.
8. Foreign body: Any foreign object trapped in the eye (spike, agonist, etc.) can cause inflammation and infection. With its rapid removal and appropriate treatment after your vet, you reduce the chance of permanenent damage.
Διατηρώντας τα μάτια του ζώου σας υγιή, αυτό είναι πολύ σημαντικό για την υγεία του. Η περιοχή γύρω από τα μάτια καθώς και τα μάτια του είναι μια πολύ ευαίσθητη και σημαντική περιοχή. Ο κτηνίατρος είναι ο μόνος ειδικός για την εξασφάλιση της υγείας των ματιών του ζώου σας και ο μόνος για να διαγνώσει όλες τις οφθαλμικές παθήσεις και να δώσει την κατάλληλη θεραπευτική αγωγή για την ανακούφιση τους.